Method Acting is an acting technique, which encourages sincere and emotional performances. It is based on several different theater acting coaches.
What is Method Acting?
Method acting is built on Stanislavski's acting system. It was developed by Russian actor and director Konstantin Stanislavski. Stanislavski explained the in books An Actor Prepares, Building a Character, and Creating a Role.
Three teachers are also associated with setting the standards of success with Method acting. These include:
Lee Strasberg, who focused on the psychological aspects of method acting.
Stella Adler, who focused on the sociological aspects
Sanford Meisner, who focused on the behavioral aspects.
The approach was first developed and worked together in New York at the Group Theater.
Stanislavski's system
In the early 20th Century, Konstantin Stanislavski organized his acting training, preparation, and rehearsal techniques into a systematic acting method.
Stanislavski calls "the art of experiencing" a crucial part of Method Acting instead of the "Art of representation." Stanislavski's system uses the actor's conscious thought to activate other less-controllable psychological behavior such as emotional experiences and subconscious behavior. In rehearsal, the actor is looking for psychological triggers to justify the action and movement the actor wants to achieve at any given moment.
Stanislavski later elaborated the "system" with "Method of Physical Action," which focuses less on preparation and more on improvisation of feelings and emotions.
Yevgeny Vakhtangov, a Russian-Armenian student, was an important influence of Method Acting. Despite dying at the age of 39, Vakhtangov's object acting exercises were further developed by Uta Hagen as a way for an actor to train and maintain their acting skills. Strasberg says the difference between Stanislavski and Vakhtangov is justifying behavior by understanding the character's motivations rather than psychological improvisation.
Actors must ask themselves, "What would motivate me to behave in the way the character does?"
The Stanislavskian question "Given the particular circumstances of the play, how would I behave, what would I do, how would I feel, how would I react?"
Method acting reached the United States in the early 1920s with the touring Moscow Art Theater company. Richard Boleslawski, one of Stanislavski's students, presented a series of classes on the "System," which were eventually published in the book Acting: The First Six Lessons (1933).
Imagination and Emotions
One of the core concepts and techniques of method acting is affective memory or emotion memory. Affective memory requires actors to recall details from a similar situation and use those feelings for their character. Stanislavski argued actors need to take emotion and personality to the stage and use it when playing their character.
In training and rehearsal, the recollection of emotions provoke a behavioral response and is central to Method-based acting techniques.
There is a misconception about method acting, which conflates method actors with actors who choose to remain in character, even offstage or off-camera. In his book A Dream of Russian Passion, Strasberg wrote that Stanislavski "require[d] his actors to live 'in character' offstage," but that "the results were never fully satisfactory."
Stanislavski did experiment with his approach with his own acting, though he soon abandoned it. Some method actors still use this technique, including Daniel Day-Lewis, but Strasberg does say this is not method acting.
Evolution of Method Acting
Stella Adler, an actress and acting teacher who taught famous actors, including Marlon Brando and Rober De Niro, also changed her techniques after studying with Stanislavski. Her version of method acting is based on the premise actors should stimulate emotional experience by imagining the scene's circumstances rather than recalling previous experiences. Adler's approach to acting stimulates the actor's imagination instead of remembering earlier experiences.
Psychological effects of method acting.
When an actor recalls previous emotional experiences, especially traumatic experiences, it can disrupt the actor's mind. The psychological effects include emotional fatigue, which can occur when suppressed or unresolved issues are called to add to a character.
Another type of acting called "Surface Acting" involves changing one's actions without recalling previous emotional experiences. When done correctly, method acting is also "Deep Acting," where you change a character's thoughts, emotions, and actions by recalling previous experiences. Constant negative thoughts and recollection can lead to adverse side effects, including fear, anxiety, and feelings of shame.
List of Method Actors and Actors Who Tried Method Acting:
Will Arnett
Manoj Bajpayee
Alec Baldwin
Christian Bale
Anne Bancroft
Warren Beatty
Paula Beer
Candice Bergen
Jon Bernthal
Halle Berry
Cate Blanchett
Richard Boone
Chadwick Boseman
Marlon Brando
Jeff Bridges
Adrien Brody
Rachel Brosnahan
Ellen Burstyn
Nicolas Cage
Michael Caine
Antonia Campbell-Hughes
Robert Carlyle
Jim Carrey
John Cassavetes
Jackie Chan
Hayden Christensen
Jill Clayburgh
Montgomery Clift
James Coburn
Sacha Baron Cohen
Bradley Cooper
Kevin Corrigan
Bud Cort
Bryan Cranston
Tom Cruise
Benedict Cumberbatch
Matt Damon
Claire Danes
Bette Davis
Rosario Dawson
Daniel Day-Lewis
James Dean
Robert De Niro
Benicio del Toro
Johnny Depp
Laura Dern
Leonardo DiCaprio
Kim Dickens
Matt Dillon
Vincent D'Onofrio
Robert Downey, Jr.
Adam Driver
Faye Dunaway
Aaron Eckhart
Chiwetel Ejiofor
Cary Elwes
Kathryn Erbe
Chris Evans
Daniel Ezra
Michael Fassbender
Sally Field
Ralph Fiennes
Bridget Fonda
Jane Fonda
Jamie Foxx
James Franco
Lady Gaga
James Gandolfini
Andrew Garfield
Judy Garland
Ben Gazzara
Donald Glover
Jeff Goldblum
Ryan Gosling
Jake Gyllenhaal
Kamal Haasan
Linda Hamilton
Armie Hammer
Tom Hanks
Tom Hardy
Ed Harris
Julie Harris
Anne Hathaway
Sally Hawkins[
Dustin Hoffman
Philip Seymour Hoffman
Dennis Hopper
Michael Ironside
Jeremy Irvine
Scarlett Johansson
Angelina Jolie
Felicity Jones
Diane Keaton
Michael Keaton
Val Kilmer
Nicole Kidman
Shia LaBeouf
Heath Ledger
John Leguizamo
Jared Leto
Karl Malden
Rooney Mara
Jesse L. Martin
Matthew McConaughey
Steve McQueen
Sienna Miller
Marilyn Monroe
Kate Mulgrew
Donna Murphy
Judd Nelson
Paul Newman
Jack Nicholson
Leonard Nimoy
Edward Norton
Lupita Nyong'o
Bob Odenkirk
Gary Oldman
Jerry Orbach
David Oyelowo
Al Pacino
Geraldine Page
Andrés Parra
Estelle Parsons
Robert Pattinson
Sean Penn
George Peppard
Joaquin Phoenix
Brad Pitt
Sidney Poitier
Natalie Portman
Anthony Quinn
Charlotte Rampling
Christopher Reeve
Alan Rickman
Krysten Ritter
Margot Robbie
Julia Roberts
Mickey Rourke
Peter Sellers
Andy Serkis
Chloë Sevigny
Martin Sheen
Will Smith
Wesley Snipe
Sissy Spacek
Kevin Spacey
Sylvester Stallone
Rod Steiger
Eric Stoltz
Meryl Streep
Barbra Streisand
Elaine Stritch
Jeremy Strong
David Suchet
Hilary Swank
Tilda Swinton
Miles Teller
Shirley Temple
Charlize Theron
Marlo Thomas
Billy Bob Thornton
Uma Thurman
Rip Torn
Indira Varma
Jon Voight
Eli Wallach
Christoph Waltz
Hannah Ware
Denzel Washington
Forest Whitaker
Gene Wilder[
Michelle Williams
Robin Williams
Chandra Wilson
Kate Winslet
Shelley Winters
Joanne Woodward
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